Category Archives: Events

MARITIME TRADE FAIR _NaviGate2020, Turku

Helsinki/Turku, January 21st, 2020/RLU

Maritime Trade Fair, Turku 2020

NaviGate 2020 is an international Gathering for professionals, organised at the Turku Fair and Congress Centre (Finland) from 22nd to 23rd January 2020. The last event in May 2018 brought together around 200 companies showcasing their expertise. The expo attracted 1271 visitors and totally almost 2500 professionals met face to face.

What to expect at NaviGate 2020 in Turku?

 

Future of Knowledge and Know-how

    Intelligence Hunt 6 is the only shipping and maritime industry endeavour that pairs innovative students with the industries’ corporations to look forward to new sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.
Companies and potentially future employees are invited to come together, interact and present their skills, competences, personal and entrepreneurial projects for possible best collaborations in the next future.

    NaviGate 2020 is inviting top level speakers from across the region who have been working with students team to sort out and address some key bottlenecks and open them towards opportunities in shipping and logistic as well as in port operations.
Inspiring Experts from the professional maritime supply chain, as well as from Case Companies will present the challenges, chances and opportunities of the maritime industry. The trade fair brings together shipowners and operators, harbour terminal operators and regulators, and importantly the next generation of the maritime industry into one room to collaborate and discuss the challenges and viable solutions for the years to come. Increased participation from the leading Finnish and Nordic companies and maritime professionals is expected!
The Finals of the Intelligence Hunt 6 project will take place January 22nd at the NaviGate 2020. The teams of inspired young next generation, students from European universities as well as their corporate supporters will pitch their ideas to the audience and an independent panel of experts, Intelligence Hunt 6 Jury.

    The maritime industry in Finland is sharply focused on environmental and sustainability issues. Not often, but here and there, it appears to get forgotten, that shippers, cargo owners and freight forwarders have their own environmental, sustainability and transparency standards and demands alongside ever-present commercial highly demands.
NaviGate 2020 offers die welcomed opportunity for a worthily dialogue between all stakeholders of the maritime industries and their customers.

    Intelligent Hunt and NaviGate 2020 invited for the event specialists such Pekka Lettijeff, CEO President Tylö Helo Group, Johan Eözes, BU Director Ahlers Trade Services and Dr Professor Rolf Neise, to speak from the perspective of the shippers. Ship-owners are largely represented on the discussions’ podium. Tallink Silja, ESL Shipping, Stena, DFDS, Finnlines Grimaldi Group Company and Stena will present their views on the current development in the maritime business and their outlook for the industry and the dearly needed efficient measures to be implemented in the future, in order to enhance profitable and sustainable growth as well.

    NaviGate 2020 attracts a diverse range of visitors from the maritime industry, including subcontracting engineering, ports, shipyards, shipping companies, ship equipment suppliers, logistic companies and maritime universities.
The particular attention of NaviGate 2020 and its leading networking, and matchmaking struggle is digitalisation, green shipping in the marine industry and logistic.

    Finland plays a major role in international maritime industry. Its recognizable results in the fields of innovation and problem solving in most challenging maritime sectors. With a deep the sense of this industry, Finland became with the time the cradle to a growing number of innovations, promoted and spread the innovative digital and sustainable collaborations among the national and international companies, reshaping the maritime industry worldwide for an environmental friendly destiny.

      Finland’s smart and environmentally friendly maritime solutions catch the attention of a variety of supplier, customers and investors. The Finnish maritime industry is founded on world-class expertise and innovations. Finnish Shipping companies are leading the way towards greener shipping by using LNG and waste based biodiesel fuels.

     Digitalisation took a pivotal role in the challenging field of maritime. New digital skills empowered maritime companies with a wide variety of solutions and services that help to increase their operational efficiency and optimise processes. Nevertheless, they inspired new business models and created new value overall.
The maritime digitalisation sets Finland as the world’s first autonomous maritime ecosystem One Sea. This kind of ecosystem specifically characterises Finland’s status as the international forerunners in autonomous and remote ships, which will play a key role in the future of the maritime industry.

The largest shipbuilding subcontractor network in the world, with over 1000 suppliers, supports Finland’s strong bedrock in the maritime sector.
The internationally awarded high reputation of Finnish maritime network’s expertise covers icebreakers and ice navigating vessels, to cruise ships and offshore solutions as well as port technology.

Finland, described by Forbes as the most digital country in 2018, has embraced the ideals of a clean efficient shipping and supply chain, and the programme of activities during NaviGate 2020 more than reflect this.

Viewpick on the Program NaviGate 2020 Turku

(turunmessukeskus.fi/…ram/navigate-program

Maritime Future – Changing Business Environment, MARKKU MYLLY, Senior Adviser, SeaFocus
Future know-how in cruising business, MARGUS SCHULTS, CEO of Tallink Silja Oy, Finland

CASE: Global Megatrends and Their Effects on Cruising and on the Technologies Used at Cruise Ships, MEYER TURKU. Company representative: KARI SILLANPÄÄ, Head of Research and Development, Meyer Turku Oy

ROLF NEISE – Shipper’s Voice: Case Study Blue Chip and a Carrier. Rolf Neise is a freelance consultant supporting multinational companies and a lecturer at the International School of Management (ISM). In his presentation in IntelligenceHunt Company and Student competition, Rolf Neise will emphasize today’s shippers’ needs and what they require from the carriers.

CASE: Cargo Flows of Circular Economy and Sustainable Port Operations – Opportunities and Challenges, PORT OF NAANTALI and STEVENA. Company representatives: YRJÖ VAINIALA, Port Director, Port of Naantali Ltd and MARKKU MÄKIPERE, Managing Director, Stevena Ltd

Student Team Meri Voyagers

JOHAN ELZES – Growth in the Complex Markets – True Stories of Customer Innovation. Johan Elzes is a Dutch national who has been living and working in Russia since 2011. He is a Director at Ahlers of a Business Unit Trade Facilitation & After Sales Services, which supports international premium brands to develop their business in the complex markets. In his presentation in the IntelligenceHunt6 Company and Student competition, Johan Elzes will bring the public to a journey of “Growth in the Complex Markets – True Stories of Customer Innovation”.

CASE: Infobridge – a Quest for More Data-Driven Vessel Operations and Technical Management, ESL SHIPPING LTD. Company representative: KIRSI YLÄRINNE, Business Unit Manager, ESL Shipping Ltd
Student Team Innovation Crew
BLASCO MAJORANA – Sustainable Commercial Shipping

 

 

 

◊     more about Finland in short     ◊

Marine Industry in Finland

 Facts & Figures 

1 000 companies

Employs 30 000 people

Annual turnover 8 billion €

Export share: over 90

In 2019  were ten shipyards in Finland: Meyer Turku, Helsinki Shipyard, Pori Offshore Constructions, Rauma Marine Constructions, Turku Repair Yard in Naantali, Uki Workboat in Uusikaupunki, Western Shipyard in Teijo, Laitaatsilta Shipyard in Savonlinna, Suomenlinna Shipyard and Suomenlahti Shipyard. Most of the shipyards focus on new buildings. The Turku Repair Yard executes repair projects only.

Finnish equipment manufacturers manufacture many famous products such as an environmentally friendly LNG fuelled engine aimed at conserving the environment and the most advanced propulsion system for energy efficiency. Other Finnish innovations include the Hi-Fog fire protection system, which extinguishes fires with water mist.

Some of the most luxurious public spaces in cruise ships are made in Finland. Finnish companies have the know-how to build complex areas in cruise ships: Oasis-class cruise ships have the first moving bar at sea. Finnish turn-key companies are able to deliver complete spaces for vessels, such as fully equipped kitchens, stairways, restaurants and cabin modules.

Finnish design offices offer a wide variety of consulting, design, research and development services as well as software for the design and operation of ships. In addition, they provide feasibility studies and developing tools using the latest technologies.

Offshore: Finland has over 40 years of experience in completing enormous oil platforms. The majority of the floating, deep-sea Spar type oil platforms are designed and constructed in Finland. Besides that, the Finnish offshore industry designs and manufactures offshore equipment related to wind power and many types of supply vessels.

Energy and Mines World Congress

 

Toronto, 21 – 22 november 2016

4th Annual Renewables for Mining Toronto Summit, 21 -22 november 2016

Mining meets Renewables to address Key Energy Challenges

The global focus of the congress  is on case studies and market updates on renewables for mines in Africa, Australia, South America and North America.  10 new international renewables for mines case studies will be presented.

energy-and-minesThe keynote session is dedicated to the role of renewables in driving the competitiveness of mines. Even with lower oil price, energy remains very expensive in many mining regions. Production costs are also rising due to the elevated power demands from falling ore grades and the increasingly remoteness of mining operations. Rising energy costs are hampering the competitiveness of the resource sector and the prolonged commodity price low has intensified the focus on driving down and controlling power costs. In addition, the sector is being challenged by increased social opposition and regulatory demands which can be addressed by alternative energy choices. This keynote session will look at how renewables can increase the effectiveness of the resource sector by delivering affordable and sustainable power options.

The keynote speaker Donald Bubar from the Avalon Advanced Materials  presented at  the first day of the congress how and why renewables are beginning to make a sense for miners. Clean Energy and Mineral Industry must work together and look forward to sustainable mining processes.

For more insights > http://worldcongress.energyandmines.com/agenda/

Local and Global Arctic 2015

rovaniemi_process_banner_horizontal_news_events

In the Spirit of the Rovaniemi Process – Local and Global Arctic 2015 Conference

24.11.2015 9:00–26.11.2015 16:00 2nd International Conference, 24-26 November 2015 Rovaniemi, Lapland, Finland

The conference is the second in the series of biennial international Arctic conferences organized by the City of Rovaniemi, the University of Lapland and its Arctic Centre and the Arctic Society of Finland in Rovaniemi.

With the theme “Local and Global Arctic” the conference has addressed the interaction of the global, regional and local levels in the Arctic, such as the impacts of global processes on local communities in the Arctic. Moreover, the role of institutions such as the Arctic Council, the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, the Nordic Council of Ministers, and the European Union, in interlinking Arctic stakeholders has been highlighted.

Key questions included: How the local perspective is, or should be, seen in global and international context in the Arctic? Does Arctic international co-operation truly support sustainable development at the local level? How do local perspectives and values translate to regional and global contexts?

Source:

www.rovaniemiprocess.fi

 

Finance Cluster Dialog in Zürich

Paradigmenwechsel auf dem Finanzplatz Zürich

Dienstag, 1. September 2015, Konferenzzentrum
SIX ConventionPoint Selnaustrasse 30, 8001 Zürich

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Der Zürcher Finanzplatz ist im Wandel begriffen: neue gesetzliche Rahmenbedingungen und wachsende Anforderungen von Kunden geben die Richtung vor. Zeiten des Wandels beinhalten immer auch viele Chancen für diejenigen, die sie zu nutzen wissen.

Wie stärkt man die Qualität der Beratung im Private Banking?
Wie sorgt man für die geforderte Innovation im Asset Management? Und welche Rolle spielen dabei nachhaltige Finanzen?

Dies sind Fragen, die mit verschiedenen Akteuren des Zürcher Finanzplatzes diskutiert werden.

Weitere Informationen: Download PDF Finance_ES

 

Swiss-Scandinavian Bio-Business Seminar 2015

Zurich, January 21, 2015

bio business seminar

9th Swiss-Scandinavian Bio-Business Seminar, February 5, 2015 at SIX Stock Exchange building in Zurich

The 9th Swiss-Scandinavian Bio-Business Seminar is organised by the Nordic countries in cooperation with Swiss partners. During this high-level partnering and investor conference, Swiss and Nordic biotech and pharmaceutical companies as well as investors meet in one-to-one meetings and present themselves in plenum.

The goal of the conference and by means of the Swiss-Nordic focus is to establish new contacts and networks.

The previous SSBBS 2014 gathered more than 120 participants.
A record of over 270 one-to-one meetings took place.
In nearly 50% of the matchmaking meetings, further contact was planned or a cooperation considered. /RLU

Source: https://www.b2match.eu/ssbbs2015

 

Internationale Grüne Woche im Berlin

Zürich, 19. Januar 2015

Die Grüne Woche in Berlin

Global Forum for Food and AgricultureGFFA Abschlusskommuniqué 2015GFFA Abschlusskommunique 2015

Wachsende Nachfrage nach Nahrung, Rohstoffen und Energie: Chancen für die Landwirtschaft, Herausforderungen für die Ernährungssicherung

 

7. Berliner Agrarministergipfel 2015

Grüne Woche 2015An der Grünen Woche in Berlin trafen sich zum siebten Mal Agrarministerinnen und –minister zu einem Treffen.  Alle teilnehmenden Minister habe die Überzeugung in ihrem Communiqué zum Agrarministertreffen geäussert, dass die Bekämpfung von Hunger und Unterernährung und die Bekämpfung von Armut Hand in Hand gehen müssen. Nur starke, diversifizierte und nachhaltige Agrar- und Ernährungssysteme können die Grundlagen dafür liefern, das Menschenrecht auf angemessene Nahrung dauerhaft zu verwirklichen und die Menschen mit ausreichenden und gesunden Nahrungsmitteln zu versorgen bzw. in die Lage zu versetzen, sich selbst zu ernähren. Teilgenommen haben Ministerinnen und Minister aus 62 Staaten. Die Teilnehmenden betonten zudem, dass konkretes Handeln und internationalen Kooperation zur Nutzung der Chancen einer nachhaltigen Bioökonomie für Landwirtschaft und ländliche Entwicklung bei gleichzeitiger Sicherung des Vorrangs der Ernährungssicherung nötig sei. Als geeignete Plattform für die Zusammenarbeit wird die FAO erachtet.

Russland an der Grünen Woche in Berlin

Dass Russland an der Grünen Woche teilnehme ist ein Signal, dass von russischer Seite Interesse bestehe, bei Zukunftsfragen im Bereich der Landwirtschaft und der Ernährungssicherung weiterhin mit Deutschland zusammenzuarbeiten. Beide Seiten hätten übereingestimmt, dass die traditionell guten Beziehungen weiterhin gepflegt werden sollten. Man habe darüber gesprochen, dass es sicher nicht möglich sei, Fragen von allgemeinpolitischen Schwierigkeiten heute zu lösen, heisst es in öffentlichen Bekundungen. Doch solle fachbezogen daran gearbeitet werden, dass bei einer positiven Entwicklung der Beziehungen die Zusammenarbeit schnell wieder intensiviert und der Warenaustausch verbessert werden kann. Beide Minister wollen sich zudem für eine Normalisierung der Beziehungen einsetzen. Download GFFA-Communiqué_2015

GENEVA ♦ Gong Clock at Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie 2015

GENEVA, January 17, 2015

Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie celebrates its quarter-century in Geneva from January 19th to 23rd 2015

 

salon orlogerieSixteen of the world’s most expensive watch brands, of which three-quaters are produced by Richemond (CFR), will present new and old creation. The industry spend as much as 30 million Swiss francs ($35 million) for the great manufactural event. What the organizer could not forecast was the End-Gong  of the Swiss National Bank (SNB).

Was it the right timing for the Swiss National Bank to disappoint the luxury watchmakers, just as they were preparing for the annual Geneva watch show on next Monday?

The extremely sudden decision to put an end to the tight bonding between the Swiss franc and the euro it’s not an absolute disaster for the watchmakers industry, but it will steal away some of the glance of the event.  As the Swiss watchmakers have a substantial cost base, the new situation will have a negative impact on margin and translated earnings. Watchmakers either need to increase  prices or cut costs.

This “Swiss-Made” industry flourishes by its home attributes and  label: savoir-faire and precision. The local product development  and production will have to face higher costs, which will necessarily induce to more innovation and diversification.

Tighter margins must be considered in the future.

Almost a third of the Swiss watches are exported to the euro zone. In this situation of a weak currency, the industry will be constrained to either increase prices, or to reduce the margins. Otherwise Swiss watch exports may decline this year. There are not yet full-year data for 2014 available, but Swiss Watches exports rose 2.3 percent in the first eleven months of 2014, still far away from growth rates that shown as much as 22 percent in 2010.

Adjustments for new market challenges are needed.

Richemont’s Cartier brand started last year by putting 230 employees on shorter work weeks to adjust to weaker demand. Richemont reported Thursday in Geneva that revenue in the quarter through December stagnated for the first time in six years as protests in Hong Kong disrupted sales in the biggest market for Swiss watches. The low oil price and gains demotivate wealthy customers by new watch pieces acquisitions.

The one consolation watchmakers have is they’re entering this crisis with bigger cash than ever before. Richemont’s net cash position increased to a record 4.9 billion euros ($5.7 billion). A 10 percent appreciation of the Swiss franc against the euro cuts earnings at Swatch by as much as ca. 18 percent and at Richemont as much as 9 percent. Richemont will probably respond by raising prices.

The first signs of Swiss watch industry future shape  after the SNB decision will be given with the beginning of next week.  This industry is able to reinvent the wheal.

Five exhibitors, five days and 4,500 square metres paved the way for the Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie (SIHH) in 1991, a bold venture which brought together a handful of prestigious Maisons whose values were those of Fine Watchmaking. Over the years, the SIHH has put Geneva firmly at the centre of the world watchmaking map, and confirmed a certain idea of what time measurement should be. An idea that will have every opportunity to express itself during this 25th anniversary edition.

Strong commitment to “horological calendar”

“From what were indeed modest beginnings, the SIHH quickly grew,” recalls Fabienne Lupo, managing director of the SIHH. “Some Maisons have left while others have joined as groups have formed within the sector. Now firmly established in the halls at Palexpo each January, the SIHH is undoubtedly a highlight of the horological calendar.”

With 16 exhibitors sharing close to 40,000 square metres, the SIHH 2015 will once again prove what a keynote event it is, and set the tone for the twelve months to come. Open exclusively to retailers and media representatives, the SIHH has become a unique showcase for the year’s new launches and a prelude to the trends taking shape. “The fine watchmaking we have defended for the past twenty-five years expresses its creativity through technical and aesthetic innovation,” says Fabienne Lupo. “The exhibiting Maisons defend a tradition that draws on breakthroughs in new technologies and efforts undertaken in favour of the métiers d’art.” At the confluence of these different forms of expertise, the SIHH has imposed a style and an atmosphere that have never been equalled.

Source:

http://www.sihh.org/

 

Warsaw, Effective Audit Committee Conference

 

January 16, 2015

Warsaw Stock Exchange

Effective Audit Committee: Strengthening Controls, Managing Risk, and Improving Financial Reporting

Swiss Contribution

 

pl-event-effective-auditThe Audit Oversight Commission of Poland, in cooperation with the World Bank’s Centre for Financial Reporting Reform and the Polish Institute of Directors, is presenting this conference hosted by the Warsaw Stock Exchange to help audit committee members perform their functions more effectively, and to improve communication and cooperation between audit committees and auditors, regulators, and stakeholders.

As the economies in Poland and the region become ever more diverse and sophisticated, audit committees face increasing challenges in helping listed companies to manage risk, maintain robust internal controls, and provide reliable financial reporting. The Audit Oversight Commission of Poland, in cooperation with the World Bank’s Centre for Financial Reporting Reform and the Polish Institute of Directors, is presenting this conference hosted by the Warsaw Stock Exchange to help audit committee members perform their functions more effectively, and to improve communication and cooperation between audit committees and auditors, regulators, and stakeholders.

 

Tesla to boost production of electric cars

Automotive-News-World-Congress

TORONTO, January 14, 2015
From Automotive News World Congress 2015

Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA) plans to boost production of electric cars to “at least a few million a year” by 2025 from fewer than 40,000 last year.

Speaking at an industry conference in Detroit yesterday, CEO Elon Musk said Tesla may not be profitable until 2020. In addition, Tesla’s sales in China were unexpectedly weak in the fourth quarter. He blamed a misperception by city-dwelling Chinese consumers that they might have difficulty charging their electric cars. “We’ll fix the China issue and be in pretty good shape probably in the middle of the year,” he said.

Tesla shares fell 7 percent in after-hours trade to $190.22 from a close of $ 204.25 on the Nasdaq. During 2014, Tesla stock rose nearly 48 percent.

Musk, who last year said Tesla will begin phasing in “autopilot” features on its Model S sedan, predicted that the company will be first to market with a fully self-driving car, but likely not until after 2020. While Tesla may have a driverless car ready in five years, the vehicles may not receive regulatory approval for another two to three years after that, he said.

Musk also said the company’s long-delayed Model X sport utility vehicle will be launched this summer, while the lower-priced, higher-volume Model 3 is on track for a 2017 introduction.

The Model 3 will be critical to Tesla’s goal of reaching an annual sales level of 500,000 vehicles a year by 2020, a target that Musk also reaffirmed.

If Tesla hits its target of a few million vehicles by 2025, it would put the company on par with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, which sold 2 million vehicles last year in the United States.

Musk said Tesla likely won’t achieve profitability using generally accepted accounting principles (GAPP) until the Model 3 ramps up to full production in 2020, although it may report non-GAAP profits before then as sales volume rises.

Musk told attendees at the Automotive News World Congress that “we could make money now if we weren’t investing” in new technology and vehicles such as the Model 3 and expanded retail networks, Musk said.

On another topic, Musk said he was open to partnerships with retailers to sell Tesla vehicles, but not until after the company no longer has production bottlenecks.

“Before considering taking on franchised dealers, we also have to establish (more of) our own stores,” he said. Musk said “we will consider” franchising “if we find the right partner.” He did not elaborate but said Tesla “is not actively seeking any partnerships” with other manufacturers “because our focus is so heavily on improving our production” in Fremont, California.

Last year, Tesla delivered about 33,000 Model S sedans. Musk said the current wait for delivery is one to four months. Tesla already has pre-sold every Model S that it plans to build in 2015, Musk said.

He said he did not see the Chevrolet Bolt, a low-priced electric car planned by General Motors Co. for 2017, as a potential competitor to he Model 3.

“It’s not going to affect us if someone builds a few hundred thousand vehicles,” he said in reference to the Bolt, which GM expects to price to compete directly with the Model 3.

But he added, “I’d be pleased to see other manufacturers make electric cars”.

Tesla Motors, Inc. is an American company that designs, manufactures, and sells electric cars and electric vehicle powertrain components. Tesla Motors is a public company that trades on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol TSLA.

Source: 

http://ir.teslamotors.com

http://www.autonews.com/section/world-congress02

 

Environmental & Social Responsibility Society

Toronto/Kingston, Ontario, 25 September 2014

Environmental & Social Responsibility Society, CIM Conference with Queen’s University

CIM
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The agenda content :

  1. Introductions
  2. Minutes & Actions from July 10 (not covered in the Agenda Items)
  3. Update from CIM Board Meeting Sept 6, 2014
  4. CIM AGM Montreal 201, Technical Program
  5. Tailings Workshop, Montreal 2015
  6. Clean Water Workshop
  7. Multi-stakeholder Dialogue
  8. CSR in the Engineering Curriculum
  9. CIM Strategic Planning for ESRS
  10. Standards for Reclamation
  11. Industry Participation
  12. Other Business
  13. Meeting Schedule for next four months

The CIM Environmental Society was founded in 1998 to provide a forum for the exchange of knowledge and skills in technical and environmental areas between professionals in the mining, metallurgical, petroleum and coal industries. The first Chair of the Society was David Orava in 1998, followed by Ian Horne from (2001-2004). Dogan Paktunc (2004-2006) led a major revitalisation effort in 2004 and 2005, and Bob Butler (2006-2008) and David Bleiker (2008-2009) followed as chairs. In 2011 the current Chair of the society, Janice Zinck, led another revitalisation effort and the Environment Society was reformed into the Environment and Social Responsibility Society.

The Society aims to provide value to its members by promoting effective use of science and technology in meeting industries’ and communities’ environmental goals. The structure of the revitalised CIM Environmental and Social Responsibility Society includes five technical sections within the Society: Mine Solids Management (waste), Water Management (water), Air Quality (air), Environment, and Social Responsibility and Aboriginal Affairs (social). Each of the five sections are intended to address key environmental aspects associated mining, the natural environment and communities including:

Land – Waste rock, tailings, dusts, residues, sludges, slag, disposal, management, reprocessing, decommissioning, reclamation.

Water – Process effluents, acidic drainage, neutral drainage, ground water, surface water, mine water, seepage, treatment (active, passive, chemical, biological, physical).

Air – Emissions – SO2, SO3, NOX, CO2, halogens, fumes, particulate, climate change.

Natural Environment – Environmental impact assessments, life cycle analysis, abandoned mines, designing for closure, footprint, environmental effects monitoring.

Social – Indigenous affairs, CSR, conflict minerals, employment, law & order, training, footprint, succession, bribery/corruption, regulations, taxes, communication, disclosures, benefits community succession./RLU